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Watts, kilowatts and kilowatt-hours:
Watts (W) is a unit of power used to quantify the rate of energy transfer. It is defined as 1 joule per second. A kilowatt is a multiple of a watt. One kilowatt (kW) is equal to 1,000 watts. Both watts and kilowatts are SI units of power and are the most common units of power used. Kilowatt-hours (kWh) are a unit of energy. One kilowatt-hour is equal to the energy used to maintain one kilowatt of power for one hour.
BTU and BTU/h
British thermal units (BTU) are a measurement of heat used as part of the Imperial and US customary units of measurement. It is defined as the amount of heat that is required to increase the temperature of 1 pound of water by 1 degree Fahrenheit.
1 BTU = 0.2931 watt-hours
1 BTU = 0.0002931 kWh
1 kWh ≈ 3412 BTU
Horsepower:
Horsepower (hp) is a unit of power most commonly used to reference the output of engines or motors.
1 unit of mechanical horsepower = 745.7 watts
1 unit of metric horsepower = 735.5 watts
Ton:
In the context of power, the "ton" refers to the ton of refrigeration. The ton of refrigeration is defined as the rate of heat transfer necessary to melt 2,000 pounds (1 short ton) of pure ice at 0°C in 24 hours.
1 ton ≈ 3517 watts
1 ton ≈ 12000 BTU/h
Estimated Energy Requirements of Common Appliances
These values can vary significantly depending on the appliance. The requirements listed generally reflect the maximum energy requirements.
Appliance | Estimated Wattage (W) |
---|---|
Air Conditioner (HVAC) | 2500-10000 |
Air Conditioner (Window Unit) | 1500-5000 |
Heater (Home) | 5000-20000 |
Refrigerator | 500-1000 |
Electric Range/Oven | 2000-5000 |
Microwave Oven | 750-1500 |
Television | 25-500 |
Desktop Computer | 100-250 |
Laptop Computer | 35-150 |
Light Bulb (LED) | 3-25 |
Energy Saving Tips
Below are some tips for saving energy and lowering electricity bills:
- Monitor your energy using habits: Consciously track your energy habits over time. Turn off lights or appliances that aren't being used, use fans instead of AC when possible, and adjust your clothing instead of heating.
- Replace older light bulbs: Replace incandescent bulbs with LED bulbs. A typical incandescent bulb requires 75W while an LED only requires 9W.
- Install a programmable thermostat: A large proportion of energy cost is typically due to heating/cooling. Programming a thermostat can lead to significant savings.
- Pay attention to energy efficiency when shopping for appliances: Factor energy efficiency into the long-term cost of appliances, not just the initial purchase price.
- Check your windows: Heat loss through windows is common. Replace with energy efficient windows or use curtains/blinds to reduce heat transfer.
- Insulate your home: Windows, doors, vents, attic, walls, floors, basement, and crawlspace should be well-insulated to reduce heating and cooling bills.

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